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Derived Instruments

A derived instrument is not a physical sensor but a virtual one that calculates parameters using data from multiple instruments. For example, convergence (distance change between two points) and differential settlement (relative movement between two points) are derived values computed from sensors like 3D prisms or leveling points. Such instruments enable advanced data modeling and provide a clearer understanding of complex site behavior.

Magnetic Extensometer

Device that tracks ground settlement or heave by measuring the position of magnetic rings along a borehole. It helps assess deep ground movement at different soil or rock layers.

Instrument Data Audit

A process of reviewing and verifying monitoring data to ensure accuracy, consistency, and reliability. It follows standard audit practices like data validation, cross-checking with baseline values, and identifying errors or anomalies for quality assurance.

Design Verification

The process of checking whether a design meets its specified requirements and functions as intended. It ensures accuracy, safety, and compliance before moving to construction, manufacturing, or implementation.

MEMS Chains (Advanced)

A series of sensors based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, linked together to measure ground or structural deformation. Each node records tilt or inclination, and when combined, the chain provides a detailed profile of displacement or settlement along its length. They are commonly used in geotechnical monitoring of slopes, tunnels, embankments, and foundations.

3D Prism

A geotechnical instrument used to monitor structural movement in three dimensions (X, Y, Z). Unlike sensors that stream data, it is read manually or automatically by a total station. Commonly installed on structures, railways, or with inclinometers, it provides accurate and easy-to-interpret displacement data.

Site Investigation

A site investigation gathers essential data about subsurface and environmental factors at a location. It ensures accuracy, safety, and compliance before moving to construction, manufacturing, or implementation.

Settlement Monitoring

The process of measuring and tracking vertical ground or structural movement over time to detect settlement or subsidence. It helps assess stability, safety, and performance during and after construction.

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