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3D Prism

A geotechnical instrument used to monitor structural movement in three dimensions (X, Y, Z). Unlike sensors that stream data, it is read manually or automatically by a total station. Commonly installed on structures, railways, or with inclinometers, it provides accurate and easy-to-interpret displacement data.

Automatic Total Station (ATS)

An electronic surveying instrument that automatically measures angles and distances to reflective targets like prisms. In geotechnical monitoring, ATS continuously tracks 3D movements (X, Y, Z) of structures with high accuracy, reducing the need for manual surveys.

Tell-Tale (Crack Meter)

Simple device placed in cracks to monitor opening or closing movement in masonry or concrete. Often used for long-term monitoring of structural health and stability.

Instrument Types and Subtypes

Each instrument type and subtype is defined by its applications, the measurements it provides, monitoring capabilities, and data range. This classification ensures accurate selection for project needs and reliable performance in geotechnical monitoring.

GPS Trackers

GPS trackers are devices that use satellite signals to monitor and record the real-time position of equipment, vehicles, or structures. In construction, they help track asset location, movement, and site activities for safety and efficiency.

Virtual Rail Sensors

Virtual Rail Sensors are digital tools that use geospatial and monitoring data to simulate rail alignment. They help detect settlement, track movement, and deformation trends without installing physical devices on the rails.

Gas Leakage Sensors

Gas leakage sensors detect the presence of hazardous gases in the environment or confined spaces. They provide early warning of leaks, ensuring safety in tunnels, underground works, and construction sites by preventing accidents and health risks.

Vibrating Wire Pressure Cell

Instrument used to measure soil or rock pressure against retaining structures or tunnel linings. Helps assess load distribution and safety. Often applied in tunnels, retaining walls, and dams.

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